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Detroit Windsor Tunneldid you knowThe magnitude of the Detroit Windsor Tunnel job is well indicated by the following figures relative to the work performed and the quantities of materials used in the construction of the mile long tube Total excavated material yards. River excavation. Weight of excavated material. Concrete poured. 80,0. Reinforcing steel used. Total structural steel. Lining for shield driven sections. River tubes. 3,5. Electrical conduits. Roadway area. 4 acres. Granite blocks in original roadway. Wall area. 2. 5 acres. Number of wall tiles. Lights in tunnel. Welding. 12 miles. Depth of mud over tunnel. Maximum depth of water. Maximum depth of trench. Maximum depth of roadway. Length of tunnel. Length of river section. American shield driven section. American approach. Canadian approach. Cost2. 3,0. 00,0. Width of roadway. Traffic capacity per hour. Maximum number of laborers employed simultaneously. More Quick FactsThe Tunnel was finished a year ahead of schedule at a total cost of 2. Million. The Detroit Windsor Tunnel was formally dedicated on Saturday, November 1, 1. President Herbert Hoover turned a golden key in Washington that rang bells in both Detroit and Windsor to mark the opening of the tunnel. The Tunnel is jointly owned by the Cities of Windsor, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan. It is operated under two separate agreements by the Detroit and Canada Tunnel Corporation. Approximately 1. 2,0. Tunnel on a daily basis, handling over four million vehicles per year, of which 9. Ventilation 1. 5 million cubic feet of fresh air is pumped into the tunnel each minute. Renovations A 5. Million renovation program was launched in 1. Tunnels stone cover beneath the Detroit River. Did you know that the Detroit Windsor Tunnel is the only existing sub aqueous international automobile border crossingThat means it is the only underwater tunnel for automobiles that cross International borders in the entire world The tunnel has been recognized as one of the great engineering wonders of the world. As you travel almost a mile, 7. Detroit River, youre surrounded by 5. The Tunnel has 4 acres of roadway area and one of the most elaborate ventilation systems ever devised. Located between Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario, The Detroit Windsor Tunnel connects the U. S. Interstates to Ontarios Highway 4. It is a large complex consisting of toll and inspection plazas on each side of the Windsor Detroit border where you pay for your crossing and undergo inspections by Immigration and Customs. The Tunnel provides one of the fastest links between Canada and the United States. How Long is the TunnelThe Detroit Windsor Tunnel is approximately one mile long from portal to portal. The American portal is located a few hundred feet from Downtown Detroit while the Canadian end is located in the heart of Windsors business district. The Tunnel is 5,1. The roadway is 2. The maximum depth of the roadway beneath the river surface is 7. Alicia Keys Fallin Midi more. When did the Tunnel OpenThe Tunnel first opened to traffic on November 3, 1. Construction took 2. Promotion of the Tunnel started over 1. Tunnel Construction History. The Detroit Windsor Tunnel was the first vehicular subway ever built between two nations. At the time of its construction, two other tunnels were in use in the United States the Holland Tunnel in New York and the George A. Posey Tunnel connecting Oakland and Alameda, California. As early as 1. 87. Detroit citizens were greatly debating the relative merits of a bridge and a tunnel between Detroit and Windsor. The railroads favored a bridge while shipping interests felt that a bridge structure would be hazardous to navigation, due to the exceedingly high masts of the sailing ships that forged the Detroit River at that time. A Route for Swift, Border Transportation is Born. Attention then turned to a tunnel project as a means of providing swift transportation across the river. In 1. 87. 1, ground was broken near the foot of St. Antoine Street for a tunnel under the Detroit River. It was to have a 1. However, a pocket of sumptuous gas ended the project when workers were 1. The gas made the workers so sick that none of them could be induced to resume work on the following day. The project was abandoned. Detroits second tunnel venture took place in 1. Grosse Ile, Michigan with the Canadian mainland. No gas was encountered, yet this undertaking had to be abandoned because certain limestone formations made the cost of excavation prohibitive. In 1. 87. 4, the Detroit Board of Trade made a determined effort to promote a bridge, despite the opposition of shipping interests. Nothing came of this project. When the Grand Trunk Railway Tunnel under the St. Clair River at Port Huron opened in 1. This railway tunnel was 6,0. Detroit business interests, afraid of a diversion of shipping to Port Huron, made a desperate effort to generate public support for a tunnel in Detroit. In 1. 90. 6, construction began on the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel in Detroit and was completed four years later. It had a total length of two and one half miles and cost 8,5. However, the opening of this tunnel did not lessen the agitation for vehicular transportation facilities across the Detroit River, especially after the phenomenal growth of the automobile industry. Bridge and tunnel advocates remained active in support of their respective undertakings, culminating several years later in an announcement that Detroit would have both projects. In June 1. 91. 9, Windsors Mayor Edward Blake Winter requested Ottawa to construct a tunnel as a memorial to soldiers who died in World War I. Winters argument was that a tunnel between England and France had been proposed as a war memorial, and if England and France could be united by a tunnel, so should Canada and the United States. Despite the opinion of scientific experts that anyone using the tunnel would die of carbon monoxide poisoning, a Windsor Salvation Army Captain, Fred W. Martin, pursued the dream of a Detroit Windsor tunnel. It was not until 1. New York architecture firm predicted that a tunnel would not only be feasible but profitable, that Martin found enough backing to get the project underway. A group of Detroit bankers agreed to back the project provided that the New York architects would design the tunnel and guarantee its construction costs. Construction operations began in the summer of 1. The completion of the tunnel was an engineering feat unparalleled at the time, which combined three different tunneling methods. On each side of the river, a cut and cover method was used on the sections from where the open cut trenches end to the harbor line. Earth was dug away by muckers or sandhogs that used manually operated knives to cut a path for the giant, shield wall. As the shield moved forward, foot by foot, electrically welded steel plates were put in place behind it to form the tunnel tube. Construction of the river section of the tunnel was the most spectacular of the operations, as it involved sinking nine steel tubes into a trench dug across the bottom of the river. The steel shells were built on dry land, welded watertight, sealed and floated into the river. Once they were tugged and anchored into position over the trench, the final interior and exterior concrete was poured, and the tubes were sunk and joined together by divers using a collar of tremie cement. Once the tube was in place, the trench was backfilled with 2. Meanwhile, the crews drove the shield section toward the tube, traveling underground 4.